Producción de látex híbridos acrílicos/alquídicos

In this work, the production of high solids content hybrid acrylic/alkyd latexes by miniemulsion polymerization is discussed. First, the miniemulsification procedure to achieve colloidally stable hybrid nanodroplets is presented. Next, the efficient nucleation of most nanodroplets during the polymerization, avoiding other nucleation mechanisms is presented. Finally, the key aspects to control the polymer architecture as well as the particle morphology are analyzed.Fil: Goikoetxea, Monika. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Minari, Roque Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Beristain, Itxaso. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Paulis, María. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Asua, José M.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Barandiaran, María J.. Universidad del País Vasco; Españ

Hospital Childbirth: Perspectives of Women and Professionals for a Positive Experience - A Qualitative Study

The perception and interpretation of childbirth are changing as values change. This requires women and professionals to adapt to new circumstances. The objective of this study was to analyze the perspectives of women and professionals on hospital birth and to identify improvement areas in order to achieve a positive perinatal experience. A qualitative prospective study with a phenomenological approach was conducted using semi-structured interviews with women, two and eight months after childbirth, participant observation, and professional focus groups. The analysis of the transcribed texts involved a thematic inductive approach. Four improvement areas emerged from the analysis: (a) strengthening communication and the therapeutic relationship; (b) unifying criteria between hospitals and primary care centers to provide coordinated and coherent information; (c) involvement of the partner in the whole process of pregnancy-childbirth-puerperium; (d) improvement of the spaces used in prenatal care and births. The need for a continuity of care from the beginning of pregnancy to the postpartum period is emphasized, which requires an improvement in information, participation, and the promotion of shared decision-making. To this end, coordinated interdisciplinary work, involvement of the partner and the improvement of the spaces used in prenatal care and births are essential

Los hábitos de lectura y su relación con otras variables

El presente artículo tiene por objeto analizar los hábitos de lectura que poseen los alumnos en una muestra escolar navarra que abarca los distintos tramos del sistema educativo: 174 alumnos de Educación Primaria, 536 de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y 337 de Bachillerato, en total 1047 alumnos en edades comprendidas entre los 9 y los 17 años. A todos ellos se le s administró un cuestionario sobre hábitos de lectura de forma colectiva en sus propios centros de enseñanza. Las variables objeto del análisis fueron la afición a la lectura y la conducta lectora. Además se evaluaron otras variables para conocer su relación con las variables principales: uso controlado de la televisión, fomento de la lectura por parte de padres y profesores, comprensión lectora, comprensión verbal, habilidad mental verbal, razonamiento lógico y memoria. Se tuvo en cuenta el curso y el sexo de los participantes. Tras la realización del análisis estadístico se constató la tendencia descendente de los hábitos de lectura conforme aumenta la edad de los sujetos, la mayor presencia de hábitos de lectura en las chicas que en los chicos y la correlación que presentan los hábitos de lectura con otras variables: comprensión lectora, uso controlado de la televisión y fomento de la lectura por parte de padres y profesores.The present article has the aim of analyzing the habits of reading which were showed by students during a Navarra school random (cross-section example) which contains the different levels of our educative system: one hundred and seventy-four primary students, five hundred and thirty-six (compulsory) secondary students and three hundred and thirty-seven students of high school graduate, one thousand and forty-seven students from nine to seventeen years old, in all. All of them were provided in a collective way with a questionnaire about habits of reading, in their educative centres. Their fond of reading and their reading behaviour were the main variables analysed. Furthermore, it was evaluated other variables in order to know their relation with main variables: Watching television in a mode rare way, the encouragement of their parents and their teachers to read, the reading understanding and the oral understanding, their intellectual ability, the logical reasoning and the memory. The age and the sex of the participants were considered, too. After the statistical analyse, it was verified that the older the students are, the less habits of reading they have. Girls show more habits of reading than boys and it can be seen a correlation between the habits on reading and other variables: read understanding, watching television in a moderate way and the encouragement of the parents and teachers to read

Generation of the database gurekddcup

GureKDDCup datubasea UADI (Unsupervised Anomaly Detection for Intrusion detection system) proiektuaren barnean eraiki da. Proiektu honen helburu nagusia, sistema batean sarkinak (erasoak) detektatuko dituen sailkatzaile bat garatzea izango da, sailkatzaile hau garatzeko gainbegiratu gabeko sailkapeneko teknikak erabiliko direlarik. Proiektu honek duen berezitasunik nagusiena, konexioetan erasoak detektatzeko payload-a (paketeen datu eremua) erabiliko dela da. Konexioen sailkapena burutzeko payload-a erabiltzea oraindik sakon aztertu gabe dagoen arloa da baina badirudi R2L (Remote to Local, baliabide bat erabiltzeko eskubiderik izan gabe berau atzitzea du helburu) eta U2R (User to Root, erabiltzaile arrunt batek super-erabiltzaile edo administratzaile eskubideak lortzea du helburu) motako erasoak antzemateko ezinbestekoa dela.. Sailkapen prozesuan konexio kopuru izugarriarekin egin beharko dugu lan eta honek ezinbestean Data Mining munduan murgiltzea dakar. Sailkatzailea ikasteko prozesua automatikoa izatea nahiko dugu eta hortik Machine Learning (ikasketa automatikoa) arloak eskaintzen dizkigun teknikak erabiliko ditugu. Baina lehenik, beharrezkoa zaigu datubase egoki bat eraikitzea beraren gainean estrategia ezberdinak gainean ikertzeko. Beraz, txosten honen helburua, UADI proiektuak erabiliko duen datu-basea sortzeko jarraitutako prozesua azaltzea izango da. Datu-base hori lortzeko abiapuntua Darpa98 da eta helburua, ingurune zientifikoan erabiltzen den KDDCup datu-basearen antzeko ezaugarriak dituen beste bat sortzea da. Sortuko den datu-basearen (gurekddcup) ezaugarriak, KDDCup99 datu-basearenaren antzekoak izango dira, baina payload-ari dagokion informazioa eta konexioaren hainbat ezaugarri (IP helbideak, portu zenbakiak,...) gehiturik. Beraz jarraian, KDDCup99 sortzeko jarraitu ziren pausuak azalduko dira, ondoren gutxi gora behera antzeko pausuak jarraitu beharko baita gureKddcup, KDDCup99-ren hedapen berria sortzeko (kddcup99+payload), hau da, guk behar dugun datu-basea sortzeko.The database gureKDDCup has been generated within the UADI project (Unsupervised Anomaly Detection for Intrusion detection system) in which a classifier that detects intrusions or attacks in network based systems was developed. To develop this classifier we are going to use unsupervised classification techniques. The main distinctive feature of this project is that it uses the payload (body part of network packages) to detect attacks in network connections. The analysis of the payload to classify the connections is not a deeply analysed field, however, it seems that it is essential to detect attacks such as R2L (Remote to Local, its goal is to use resources without permission) and U2R (User to Root, its goal is to get root or administrative privileges without having them). In the classification process we have to handle with a huge amount of connections and discover useful patterns among them. Therefore, this leads us to the Data Mining field. Moreover, we want our UADI system to be able to discover patterns or generate the model of network traffic automatically, that is, we want the learning process to be automatic, and to do it possible, we are going to use Machine Learning techniques. But first it is essential to generate the apropriate database to work upon it. So the aim of this report is to explain the process we have followed to generate the database we used in the UADI project. The objective is to generate a database with similar characteristics to KDDCup99 which is broadly used database in the scientific environment, taking as starting point the Darpa98 (DARPA Intrusion Detection Data Sets). The generated database is called gureKDDCup and it has similar features to the ones in KDDCup99, but we added to it payload information and other features related to the connection such as IP address and port numbers. Next lines explains the steps followed to generate the KDDCup99 database because our aim is to repeat those steps as accurately as possible, to create KDDCup99 the database we need in UADI project, in other words, a new extension of the (KDDCup99+payload) that we called it gureKDDCup.The University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (BAILab, grant UFI11/45); The Department of Education, Universities and Research of the Basque Government (grant IT-395-10); The Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government and by the European Regional Development Fund - ERDF (eGovernAbility, grant TIN2014-52665-C2-1-R)

La verificación centrada en Twitter: análisis del 'fact checking' de los nutricionistas españoles en redes sociales

Society's growing interest in food, the success of nutritionists and dietitians as influencers, and the ease with which lies spread through social networks form a triangle of interest. The objective of this work is to analyze the work of Spanish nutritionists as information verifiers on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram, in 2019. The results indicate that in their work as fact-checkers nutritionists prefer Twitter to Instagram and Facebook and that there is a gender bias. Nutritionists carry out work as fact-checkers that is not very active and organized, and without technical knowledge.; El creciente interés en la sociedad por la alimentación, el éxito de los nutricionistas y dietistas como influencers y la facilidad con la que las mentiras se extienden por las redes sociales forman un triángulo de interés. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la labor de los nutricionistas españoles como verificadores de información en Twitter, Facebook e Instagram, en 2019. Los resultados indican que en su labor de fact-checkers los nutricionistas prefieren Twitter a Instagram y a Facebook y que existe un sesgo de género. Los nutricionistas realizan una labor como fact-checkers poco activa y organizada, y sin tecnificación.; Elikadurarekiko gizartean gero eta interes handiagoa izateak, nutrizionistek eta dietistek influencers gisa arrakasta izateak eta sare sozialetan gezurrak zabaltzeko erraztasunak interes-triangelu bat osatzen dute. Lan honen helburua da nutrizionista espainiarren lana aztertzea, Twitter, Facebook eta Instagrameko informazio-egiaztatzaile gisa, 2019an. Emaitzen arabera, fact-checkers lanean nutrizionistek nahiago dute Twit-ter Instagram eta Facebook baino, eta genero-alborapena dago. Nutrizionistek fact-checker gisa egiten duten lana ez da oso aktiboa eta antolatua, eta ez du teknifikaziorik

Preparation and Characterization of Resveratrol Loaded Pectin/Alginate Blend Gastro-Resistant Microparticles

Background: The use of resveratrol as a dietary supplement is limited because it is easily oxidized and, after oral ingestion, it is metabolized into enterocytes and hepatocytes. Thus, new formulations are needed in order to improve its oral bioavailability. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and characterize a gastro-resistant formulation of resveratrol for oral administration as a dietary supplement. Method: Resveratrol was encapsulated in Eudragit-coated pectin-alginate microparticles. Results: The microparticle size was about 1450 mu m, with an encapsulation efficiency of 41.72% +/- 1.92%. The dissolution assay conducted, as specified in the European Pharmacopoeia for delayed-release dosage forms, revealed that our microparticles were gastro-resistant, because the resveratrol percentage released from microparticles in acid medium was less than 10%. In addition, the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method developed for resveratrol content quantification in the microparticles was validated according to International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Q2 (R1) guidelines. Finally, the biological activity of resveratrol was investigated in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes, concluding that the encapsulation process does not affect the activity of resveratrol. Conclusion: In summary, the gastro-resistant microparticles developed could represent a suitable method of including resveratrol in dietary supplements and in functional foods used in obesity therapy.This research was partially funded by the Basque Government (Consolidated Groups, IT-407-07; IT-572-13; SAIOTEK SA-2011-00118) and the Spanish Government (INNPACTO, IPT-2012-0602-300000, 2012). The authors gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (UFI11/32)

Synergism between prior anisakis simplex infections and intake of NSAIDs, on the risk of upper digestive bleeding: A case-control study

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prior Anisakis infections and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), and its interaction with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) intake. Methods/Principal Findings: We conducted a hospital-based case-control study covering 215 UGIB cases and 650 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) with their confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated, as well as the ratio of the combined effects to the sum of the separate effects of Anisakis allergic sensitization and NSAIDs intake. Prior Anisakis infections were revealed by the presence of anti-Anisakis IgE antibodies specific to the recombinant Ani s 1 and Ani s 7 allergens used as the targets in indirect ELISA. Prior Anisakis infections (OR 1.74 [95% CI: 1.10 to 2.75]) and the intake of NSAIDs (OR 6.63 [95% CI: 4.21 to 10.43]) increased the risk of bleeding. Simultaneous NSAIDs intake and Anisakis allergic sensitization increased the risk of UGIB 14-fold (OR = 14.46 [95% CI: 6.08 to 34.40]). This interaction was additive, with a synergistic index of 3.01 (95% CI: 1.18–7.71). Conclusions: Prior Anisakis infection is an independent risk factor for UGIB, and the joint effect with NSAIDs is 3 times higher than the sum of their individual effectsAuthor Summary: Anisakiasis is a worldwide re-emerging disease produced by the consumption of raw, lightly cooked, smoked or marinated fish containing live Anisakis larvae. In acute anisakiasis, mucosal lesions generated by the larvae may provoke upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). However, the effect of past unnoticed Anisakis infections as a risk factor for UGIB, and a possible synergism with other risk factors such as NSAIDs intake, have never been investigated. In this case-control study we observed that: i) prior Anisakis infections and NSAIDs intake are two independent risk factors for UGIB, and ii) that both risk factors act synergistically to the extent that their joint effect is 3 times higher than the sum of their individual effects. We concluded that, in countries where Anisakis infections are frequent, it would be wise to determine parasite-specific IgE antibodies and to conduct a closer follow-up of patients who consume raw or lightly cooked fish and who are prescribed NSAIDs for long periodsAuthor Summary Anisakiasis is a worldwide re-emerging disease produced by the consumption of raw, lightly cooked, smoked or marinated fish containing live Anisakis larvae. In acute anisakiasis, mucosal lesions generated by the larvae may provoke upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). However, the effect of past unnoticed Anisakis infections as a risk factor for UGIB, and a possible synergism with other risk factors such as NSAIDs intake, have never been investigated. In this case-control study we observed that: i) prior Anisakis infections and NSAIDs intake are two independent risk factors for UGIB, and ii) that both risk factors act synergistically to the extent that their joint effect is 3 times higher than the sum of their individual effects. We concluded that, in countries where Anisakis infections are frequent, it would be wise to determine parasite-specific IgE antibodies and to conduct a closer follow-up of patients who consume raw or lightly cooked fish and who are prescribed NSAIDs for long periodsThis study was supported by grants PI021512, PI021364, PI020661, PI021572 (Health Research Fund /Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria), SAF2002-04057 (Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs, Spain), PGIDIT03PXIC20806PN (Galician Regional Authority, Spain) and 02/1572 (Basque Regional Authority, Spain)S

Integrated Environmental and Exergoeconomic Analysis of Biomass-Derived Maleic Anhydride

Life cycle analysis and exergy analysis are applied to compare the production of maleic anhydride from different feedstock, both biomass- and petrochemical-derived raw materials, in order to evaluate the sustainability of alternative biorefinery processes to conventional routes. The considered processes involve two options: gas and aqueous phase furfural oxidation with oxygen (air) and hydrogen peroxide as oxidants, respectively, considered as sustainable technologies because of the use of renewable feedstock. Conventional routes, used as benchmarks, include the current production processes using benzene or butane as raw materials. The results show that the aqueous phase process is far from being viable from an energy and environmental point of view due to the high exergy destruction and the use of H2O7 as oxidant (whose production entails important environmental drawbacks). On the contrary, the gas phase oxidation of furfural shows competitive results with petrochemical technologies. Nevertheless, the major environmental drawback of the new furfural-to-maleic anhydride production processes is detected on the environmental profile of the starting raw material. The results suggest that a better environmental footprint for maleic anhydride production in gas phase can be obtained if environmentally friendly furfural production technologies are used at the commercial scale.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (projects RTI2018-094918-B-C41, RTI2018-094918-B-C42, and RTI2018-094918-B-C43)

3D printing as an enabling technology to implement maritime plastic Circular Economy

CircularSeas European Project, as part of the European Union Circular Economy [1], aims at promoting the Green Economy by encouraging the development of green products, parts and components by Maritime Industries. The strategy is a combination of Circular Economy principles, with the use of ocean plastic waste for developing new greener materials, and the uptake of advanced manufacturing technology, 3D printing, flexible enough to adapt to the manufacturing conditions for new eco-innovative small and medium parts and components. The paper presents the ongoing research in the project about strategies to introduce Circular Economy in the maritime sector from plastic wastes. This first prospective phase is focused on a series of interviews with each node stakeholders. The paper presents the survey results, together with the challenges to be faced for the implementation of Circular Economy in that specific scenario, despite the -apriori- short term low-profit disadvantages

Características epidemiológicas de las nuevas infecciones causadas por el VIH comparadas con los casos de sida. La epidemia de VIH/sida en el País Vasco

ResumenObjetivoDescribir las características epidemiológicas de los nuevos diagnósticos de infección por el VIH en el período 1997- 2001 y comparlas con los casos de sida (1991-2001).MétodosSe han recogido retrospectivamente los datos de las nuevas infecciones por el VIH ocurridas en el País Vasco (1997-2001) y se han comparado con los casos de sida (1991- 2001).ResultadosSe han diagnosticado 912 nuevas infecciones por el VIH. El diagnóstico de VIH coincidió con el de sida en 299 (32,8%) de las nuevas infecciones. Las relaciones heterosexuales han sido el mecanismo de transmisión más frecuente, seguido de la transmisión por vía parenteral y las relaciones homosexuales y bisexuales, con diferencias significativas (p < 0,001) respecto a los casos de sida.ConclusionesLa transmisión sexual ha reemplazado al consumo de drogas por vía parenteral como mecanismo más frecuente de transmisión del VIH. Hay un alto porcentaje de pacientes con diagnóstico simultáneo de VIH y sida. Estos datos indican la necesidad de realizar nuevas estrategias de prevención.SummaryObjectiveTo describe the epidemiological characteristics of new cases of HIV infection diagnosed from 1997-2001 and compare them with AIDS cases (1991-2001).MethodsData were retrospectively collected on new cases of HIV infection detected in the Basque Country (1997-2001) and were compared with AIDS cases (1991-2001).ResultsA total of 912 new cases of HIV infection were diagnosed. In 299 of the new cases (32.8%), HIV and AIDS were diagnosed simultaneously. The most common mechanism of transmission was heterosexual transmission, followed by intravenous and homo/bisexual transmission. Significant epidemiological differences (p < 0.001) were found with regard to AIDS cases.ConclusionsSexual transmission has replaced intravenous drug use as the most common mechanism of HIV transmission. A large percentage of patients were simultaneously diagnosed with HIV and AIDS, indicating the need for new prevention strategies